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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | A superb passage grave is built at Newgrange in Ireland | |
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| c. 400 |
| | | Niall of the Nine Hostages is the first man to be called king of Ireland, though his direct control does not extend beyond Ulster | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | St Patrick creates a strong tradition of Celtic Christianity in Ireland, from his base in Armagh | |
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| c. 500 |
| | | Monks in Ireland live in stone beehive cells on rocky islands, to achieve maximum discomfort | |
|  | Beehive stone house, 6th century
Fotofile CG
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| c. 530 |
| | | St Finnian founds the first of Ireland's great Celtic monasteries, at Clonard | |
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| c. 600 |
| | | The distinction between capital and lower-case emerges in the scriptoria of the Irish monasteries | |
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| c. 600 |
| | | The Scots, a tribal group of northern Ireland, extend their kingdom across the sea into Scotland | |
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| c. 620 |
| | | The Irish monk St Aidan moves from Iona to establish a monastery on Lindisfarne | |
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| c. 650 |
| | | The Book of Durrow, one of the earliest of the great Celtic manuscripts, is written and illuminated in Ireland | |
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| 838 |
| | | Vikings from Norway capture Dublin and establish a Norse kingdom in Ireland | |
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